o 

CO 

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Library  of  Congress 


Subject  Headings  with  Local  Subdivision 

(a)  Headings  with  indirect  sobdivision 

(b)  Headingfs  with  ditect  subdivision 


AND 


(C)  List  of  local  divisions  (States,  Provinces,  etc*)  to 
which  subdivision  is  always  direct 


COMPILED  BY 

MARY  WILSON  MacNAIR 
Catalogue  Division 


THIRD  EDITION 


WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE 

LIBRARY  BRANCH 

1920 


Library  of  Congress 


Subject  Headings  with  Local  Subdivision 

(a)   Headingfs  with  indirect  subdivision 
(B  )   Headingfs  with  direct  subdivision 


AND 


(C)  List  of  local  divisions  (States,  Provinces,  etc»)  to 
which  subdivision  is  always  direct 


COMPILED  BY 

MARY  WILSON  MacNAIR 
Catailogue  Division 


THIRD  EDITION 


^VASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE 

LIBRARY   BRANCH 

1920 


z 


L.  C.  card,  20-26007 


PREFATORY  NOTE 

The  principle  upon  which  subjects  have  been  classified  in  the  one  or 
the  other  of  the  two  following  lists  is  admittedly  not  susceptible  of  rigid 
application — opinion  may  differ,  and  it  may  be  conceded  that  in  the  case 
of  a  considerable  number  of  the  subjects  it  has  not  been  applied  with  un- 
erring judgment  and  with  the  greatest  possible  consistency.  The  lists  are 
printed  in  response  to  numerous  requests  for  information  as  to  the  actual 
practice  of  the  Library  of  Congress,  and  are  not  offered  as  a  guide  to  be 
unquestioningly  followed. 

List  (A)  comprises  the  subjects  in  which  local  differentiation  or  char- 
acter, or  predominant  interest,  is  regarded  as  pertaining  to  the  whole 
country  or  state,  and  common  to  all  or  the  greater  part  of  the  geographical 
or  other  local  subdivisions  within  it.  The  headings  are  therefore  divided 
by  country  or  state,  with  further  subdivision  by  province,  county,  city  or 
other  locality,  except  as  limited  by  list  (C).  Examples:  Agriculture — Eng- 
land; Agriculture — England  —  Devon;  Botany — Ohio;  Botany  —  Ohio  — 
Hamilton  Co.;  Criminal  statistics — India — Burma;  Education — Germany — 
Berlin;  Education — Prussia. 

Among  other  headings  it  includes  the  following  groups  of  subjects: 
L  Agricultural  headings,  fisheries,  mining,  minerals,  ores,  etc.  2.  Scientific 
subjects  (e.  g.  Botan}-,  Geology-,  Zoology-)  3.  Educational  subjects.  4. 
Classes  of  persons  {e.  g.  Blind,  Deaf  and  dumb)  5.  Sports,  etc.  6.  Cer- 
tain legal  headings.  7.  Inspection  headings  (e.  g.  Meat  inspection;  Steam- 
boats— Inspection) 

Exception  is  made  in  the  case  of  certain  classes  of  institutions  (Univer- 
sities and  colleges,  Libraries,  Hospitals  and  other  social  foundations) 
whose  development  is  largely  or  exclusively  identified  with  cities,  and 
where  the  prim.ar}'  subject  interest  is  local.  While  these  headings,  like  the 
others  in  list  (A),  are  subdivided  by  country,  state,  or  province,  etc.,  they 
are  themselves  made  subdivisions  under  the  names  of  cities  when  applied 
to  works  so  limited  (e.  g.  Libraries — Massachusetts;  but  Boston — Libraries, 
not  Libraries — Massachusetts — Boston,  or  Libraries — Boston)  This  usage 
is  specified  in  the  list  under  each  subject  so  treated. 

List  (B)  comprises  the  subjects  or  distinctive  phases  of  subjects,  such 
as  social,  political,  econom.ic,  or  cultural  movements,  institutions,  indus- 
tries, classes  or  groups  of  persons,  etc.,  peculiar  to,  or  identified  in  interest 
v/ith,  smaller  regions  or  localities.  The  headings  are  therefore  sulidivided 
directly  by  province,  city,  or  other  locality'  as  the  case  may  be.  Examples: 
Architecture — Card,  France  (Dept.)  ',  Cost  and  standard  of  living — Paris; 
Fish  trade  —  Burma;  Taxation  —  Suffolk  Co.,  Mass.;  Typhoid  fever  — 
Omaha,  Neb. 


49547.3 


(a)  Headings  with  indirect  local  subdivision 

Abbeys. 

Accident  law. 

Actions  and  defenses. 

Administration  of  estates. 

Admirals. 

Afforestation. 

Agricultural  colleges. 

Agricultural  colonies. 

Agricultural  cooperative  credit  associations. 

Agricultural  credit. 

Agricultural  education. 

Agricultural  experiment  stations. 

Agricultural  laborers. 

Agricultural  laws  and  legislation. 

Agricultural  societies. 

Agriculture.  * 

Agriculture,  Cooperative. 

Algae. 

Aliens. 

Allodium. 

Almshouses  and  workhouses. 

Subdivision  Almshouses  and  workhouses  is  used  under  names  of  cities. 
Amnesty. 
Amusements. 

Subdivision  Amusements  is  used  under  names  of  cities. 
Anarchism  and  anarchists. 
Annotations  and  citations  (Law) 
Anthropo-geography. 
Anthropometry. 
Appellate  procedure. 
Arachnida. 

Arbitration,    Industrial. 
Archaeological  societies. 
Archives. 
Armories. 
Arrest. 
Arsenals. 

Subdivision  Arsenals  is  used  under  names  of  cities. 
Art  and  state. 
Art   societies. 
Arthropoda. 
Ascidians. 
Assignments. 
Association  and  associations. 

5 


O  LIST   A.      INDIRECT   SUBDIVISION 

Asylums. 

Attachment   and   garnishment. 

Autographs. 

Banking  law. 

Bankruptcy. 

Batrachia. 

Battles. 

Beacons. 

Bees. 

Beetles. 

Beets  and  beet  sugar. 

Bench-marks. 

Bibliographical   societies. 

Birds. 

Bishops. 

Blind. 

Blind — Asylums  and  education. 

To  be  divided  by  country,  state,  etc.,  without   further  subdivision  to 
city. 
Boards  of  trade. 
Bolshevism? 
Book  clubs. 
Borings. 
Botany. 

Bounties,  Military. 
Brasses. 
Bridges.       • 

Subdivision  Bridges  is  used  under  names  of  cities. 
Bronze  age. 
Buckwheat. 
Building  stones. 
Buoys. 
Burial  laws. 
Business  education. 
Business  law. 
Butterflies. 
Cabinet  officers. 
Canal-boats — Inspection. 
Canals. 

Su1)division  Ca)ials  is  used  under  names  of  cities. 
Cartography. 
Caste. 
Castles. 

Catalogs,  Booksellers'. 
Catalogs,  Publishers'. 
Cathedrals. 
Cattle. 

Cattle  brands. 
Cement. 
Cemeteries. 

Subdivision  Cemeteries  is  used  under  names  of  cities. 


LIST   A.      INDIRECT   SUBDIVISION  4- 

Chapels   (Music) 

Charities. 

Subdivision  Charities  is  used  under  names  of  cities. 

Charity  laws  and  legislation. 

Charity-schools. 

Chemistry — History. 

Children — Law. 

Children's  literature. 

Choral  music. 

Church  decoration  and  ornament. 

Church  lands. 

Church  music. 

Church  property. 

Church  schools. 

Churches. 

Subdivision  Churches  is  used  under  names  of  cities. 

Cities  and  towns. 

Citizenship. 

General  works  and  works  on  American  citizenship  are  entered  under 
this  heading  v.'ithout  subdivision.  AppHed  to  works  on  citizenship 
in  particular  states  of  the  United  States,  or  in  foreign  countries,  the 
heading  is  subdivided  by  the  name  of  the  state  or  country  (^.  g. 
Citizenship — Maryland;    Citizenship — Switzerland) 

Civil  law. 

Civil  list. 

Civil  procedure. 

Clay. 

Clearing-house. 

Clergy. 

Cliff-dwellers. 

Clifr-dweliings. 

Climbing  plants. 

Coaching. 

Coal. 

Coal  mines  and  mining. 

Coaling-stations. 

Coasts. 

Coastwise  navigation. 

Cobalt  mines  and  mining. 

Cod-fisheries. 

Code  pleading. 

Coeducation. 

Coelenterata. 

Coffee. 

Coinage. 

Commercial  courts. 

Commercial  law. 

Commercial  products. 

Communication  and  traffic. 

Communism. 

Conspiracy. 


d 


LIST   A.      INDIRECT   SUBDIVISION 


Constitutions,  State. 

Consular  reports. 

Contract  labor. 

Convents  and  nunneries. 

Convict  labor. 

Cooperation. 

Copper  mines  and  mining. 

Copper  ores. 

Copyright. 

Corals. 

Corn-laws. 

Coronations. 

Corporation  law. 

Corporations,  Religious. 

Costume. 

Country  life. 

County  government. 

Here  are  entered  works  on  county  government  in  general,  and  on 
county  government  in  the  United  States  as  a  whole.  Works  not 
dealing  exclusively  with  county  government  are  entered  under  Local 
government.  Works  on  the  government  of  individual  counties  are 
entered  under  the  county,  c.  g.  Cook  Co.,  ///. — Politics  and  govern- 
ment. 

Courts-martial  and  courts  of  inquiry. 

Crab  fisheries. 

Craniology. 

Credit. 

Creole  dialects. 

Crime  and  criminals. 

Criminal  law. 

Criminal  procedure. 

Criminal  statistics. 

Cross  and  crosses. 

Crown  jewels. 

Crustacea. 

Currency  question. 

Dairy  laws. 

Damages. 

Dancing. 

General  works  and  works  on  dancing  in  the  United  States  are  entered 
under  this  heading  without  subdivision.  Works  on  other  countries 
are  entered  under  Dancing — [country  subdivision]  (e.  g.  Dancing — 
Greece) 

Deaf  and  dumb. 

Deaf  and  dumb — Asylums  and  education. 

To  be  divided  by  country,  state,  etc.,  without  further  subdivision  to  city. 

Debt,  Imprisonment  for. 

Decoration  and  ornament. 

Decorations  of  honor. 

Defective  and  delinquent  classes. 

Degrees,  Academic. 


LIST  A.      INDIRECT   SUBDIVISION  Vj 

Dental  laws  and  legislation. 

Diamond  mines  and  mining. 

Diptera. 

Disabled — Rehabilitation,  etc. 

Dispensaries. 

Subdivision  Dispensaries  is  used  under  names  of  cities. 
Dissertations,  Academic. 
Distillery  warehouses. 
Docks. 

Subdivision  Docks  is  used  under  names  of  cities. 
Domestic  animals. 
Domestic  economy. 
Dower. 
Drainage. 
Drainage  laws. 
Earthquakes. 

Subdivision  Earthquake  is  used  under  names  of  cities  (e.  g.  Messina — 
Earthquake,  1908) 
Earthworks   (Archaeology) 
Ecclesiastical  law^. 
Echinodermata. 
Economics — History. 
Education. 

Education,    Compulsory. 
Education  and  state. 
Education  of  women. 
Educational  law  and  legislation. 
Electric  railroads. 

For  general  works  only.    Works  on  electric  street-railroads  in  a  par- 
ticular locality  are  entered  under  Street-railroads — [local  subdivision] 
Electric  railroads — Law. 
Emigration  and  immigration  law. 
Eminent  domain. 
Employers'  associations. 
Employers'  liability. 
Engineering  law. 
Equity  pleading  and  procedure. 
Ethics — History. 
Ethnology. 
Etiquette. 
European  war,  1914- 

— Air-fleet  bases. 

— Air-fleet  bases.  Naval. 

— Censorship. 

— Confiscations  and  contributions. 

— Economic  aspects. 

— Finance. 

— Food  question. 

— Law  and  legislation. 

— Regimental  histories. 

— Secret  service. 

— Territorial  questions. 
4644—20 3 


10  LIST   A.      INDIRECT   SUBDIVISION 

Evening  and  continuation  schools. 

Evidence   (Law) 

Excess  profits  tax. 

Executors  and  administrators. 

Expulsion, 

Extents. 

Factory  inspection. 

Factory  laws  and  legislation. 

Factory  system. 

Farm  buildings. 

Farm  law. 

Farm  produce. 

Farmers'  institutes. 

Farms. 

Feather-work. 

Feeble-minded — Education. 

Ferns. 

Ferries. 

Subdivision  Ferries  is  used  under  names  of  cities. 
Festivals. 

Subdivision  Festivals,  etc.  is  used  under  names  of  cities. 
Feudalism. 
Fines   (Penalties) 
Fire-departments. 
Fire  prevention. 

cf.  note  under  Fires. 
Fires. 

Subdivision  Fires  and  fire  prevention  is  used  under  names  of  cities.    A 
particular  fire  in  a  city  is  entered  under  name  of  city   (e.  g.  Chi- 
cago— Fire,  1S71) 
Fish-culture. 
Fisheries. 

Fishery  law  and  legislation. 
Fishes. 
Fishing. 
Flags. 
Flax. 

Flood  dams  and  reservoirs. 
Floods. 

Subdivision  Floods  is  used  under  names  of  cities  and  rivers.    A  par- 
ticular flood  in  a  city  is  entered  under  name  of  city  (e.  g.  Johnstown, 
Pa.— Flood,  1887) 
Flowers. 
Folk  literature. 
Folk-lore. 
Folk-songs. 

Food  adulteration  and  inspection. 
Food  law  and  legislation. 
Food  supply. 
Forage  plants. 
Forest  fires. 


LIST   A.      INDIRECT   SUBDIVISION  11 

Forest  products. 

Forest  reserves. 

Forestry  law  and  legislation. 

Forestry  schools  and  education. 

Forestry  societies. 

Forests  and  forestry. 

Forms  (Law) 

Fortification. 

Sululivision  Fortifications  is  used  under  names  of  'cities. 
Free  harbors. 
Fresh-water  fauna. 
Fresh-water  flora. 
Friendly  societies. 
Frontier  and  pioneer  life. 
Fruit-culture. 

Funeral  rites  and  ceremonies. 
Fungi. 

Game  and  game-birds. 
Game-laws. 
Game  protection. 
Games. 

Garden  cities. 
Gardening. 
Gardens. 
Gas,  Natural. 
Generals. 
Geodesy. 

Geographical  positions. 
Geology, 
Geysers. 
Gilds. 

Subdivision  Gilds  is  used  under  names  of  cities. 
Gipsies. 
Glaciers. 

Gold  mines  and  mining. 
Goldsmithing. 
Government  monopolies. 
Granite. 
Grasses. 

Guardian  and  ward. 
Harbors. 

Sul)divisi)n  Harbor  is  used  under  names  of  dties. 
Health  boards. 

/lealth  resorts,  watering-places,  etc. 
Hemiptera. 
Hemp. 
Hepaticae. 
Heraldry. 
Herring-fisheries. 


12  LIST   A.      INDIRECT   SUBDIVISION 

High  schools. 

Subdivided  by  country  or  state.    The  high  schools  of  a  particular  city 
are   entered  under  the  name  of   the  city,   with   subdivision   Public 
schools. 
Highway  law. 
Historical  societies. 
Holidays. 
Homestead  law. 
Horse  breeding. 
Hospitals. 

vSubdivision  Hospitals  is  used  under  names  of  cities. 
Hospitals,  Military. 
Hospitals,  Naval  and  marine. 
Hotels,  taverns,  etc. 

Subdivision  Hotels,  tazcrns,  etc.  is  used  under  names  of  cities. 
Hunting. 

Husband  and  wife. 
Hydraulic  engineering. 
Hydrography. 
Hymenoptera. 
Ice, 

Ice  on  rivers,  lakes,  etc. 
Idiocy. 

Idiot  asylums. 
Illiteracy. 
Impeachments. 

India-rubber.  ■• 

Indians,  Treatment  of. 
Indians  of  Central  America. 

Subdivided  by  countries  or  regions. 
Indians  of  Mexico. 

Subdivided  by  states. 
Indians  of  North  America. 

Sul)divi(lcd  l)y  states,  provinces,  regions,  etc. 
Indians  of  South  America. 

Subdivided  by  countries  or  regions. 
Indians  of  the  West  Indies. 

Subdivided  l)y  names  of  islands. 
Industrial  laws  and  legislation. 
Industry  and  state. 
Inheritance  and  succession. 
Inland  navigation. 
Inquisition. 

Insane — Care  and  treatment. 
Insane — Laws  and  legislation. 
Insane  hospitals. 
Insanity. 
Insects. 

Instrumental  music. 
Insurance  law. 
Interest  and  usury. 


LIST   A.      INDIRECT   SUBDIVISION  13 

Internal  revenue. 

Internal  revenue  law. 

Inventories  of  estates. 

Iron  age. 

Iron  mines  and  mining. 

Iron  ores. 

Irrigation. 

Irrigation  laws. 

Judicial  statistics. 

Jute.  ' 

Kitchen-middens. 

Knights  and  knighthood. 

Labor  bureaus. 

Labor  camps. 

Labor  laws  and  legislation. 

Lace  and  lace  making. 

Lake-dv/el!ers   and  lake-dwellings. 

Lakes. 

Land  grants. 

Land  tenure. 

Landlord  and  tenant. 

Landscape  gardening. 

Landslides. 

Law  reporting. 

Law  schools. 

Lead  mines  and  mining. 

Lead  ores. 

Learning  and  scholarship. 

Leeches. 

Legal  aid  societies. 

Legends. 

Legislation. 

Legislative  bodies. 

Lepidoptera. 

Libel  and  slander. 

Libraries. 

Subdivision  Libraries  is  used  under  names  of  cities. 

Libraries,    Depository. 

Libraries,    Private. 

Libraries,    Traveling. 

Libraries  and  schools. 

General  works  and  works  on  libraries  and  schools  in  the  United  States 
are  entered  under  this  heading  without  subdivision.  Works  dealing 
with  other  countries  are  entered  under  Libraries  and  schools — [coun- 
try subdivision]    (e.  g.  Libraries  and  schools — France) 

Library  commissions. 

Library   extension. 

Library    legislation. 

Lichens. 

Liens. 

Life-saving. 


14  LIST   A.      INDIRECT    SUBDIVISIOX 

Lighthouses. 

Lignite. 

Lime. 

Linen. 

Liquor    laws. 

Liquor  problem. 

Literary   journeys. 

Lobster   fisheries. 

Local   option. 

Lodging-houses. 

Sul)clivision  Lodging-houses  is  used  under  names  of  cities. 
Lotteries. 

Machinery — Inspection. 
Mackerel   fisheries. 
Magic. 
Magnesite. 

Magnetism,    Terrestrial. 
Mail   steamers. 
Maize. 
Mammals. 
Man,   Prehistoric. 
Manganese   ores. 
Manual    training. 
Manuscripts. 
Marble. 

Marine   biology. 
Marine  fauna. 
Marine   flora. 
Marine   service. 
Maritime   law. 
Markets. 

vSubdivision  Markets  is  used  under  names  of  cities. 
Marriage. 

Marriage   customs   and   rites. 
Marriage    law. 
Marshes. 
Martial   law. 
Martyrs. 

Master  and   servant. 
Materia   medica. 
Meat    inspection. 
Mechanics'   liens. 
Medical   colleges. 
Medical   geography. 
P/Iedical  laws  and  legislation. 
Medical   societies. 
Medicine. 

Medicine,   Clinical. 
Megalithic  monuments. 
Mercantile   system. 
Merchant  marine. 


LIST   A.      INDIBECT   SUBDIVISION  (3^ 

Mercury  mines  and  mining. 

Metayer    system. 

Meteorology. 

Meteorology,    Maritime. 

Military   architecture. 

Military  departments  and  divisions. 

Military  education. 

Military   geography. 

Military   lav/. 

Military   music. 

Military  posts. 

Military   reservations. 

Military  roads. 

Military  telegraph. 

Military  telephone. 

Military  training   camps. 

Mineralogy. 

Mines  and  mineral  resources. 

Mining  law. 

Mining  schools  and  education. 

Mints. 

Mollusks. 

Monasteries. 

Monastic    libraries. 

Mocasticism  and  religious  orders. 

Monopolies. 

Monuments. 

Subdivision  Monuments  is  used  under  names  of  cities. 
Mosques. 
Mosses. 
Moths. 
Mound-builders. 

Subdivided  by  states,   regions,   etc.    (e.   g.   Alound-bui'ders — Florida; 
Mound-builders — Mississippi    Valley) 
Mounds.  -.  .<5«r  • 

Mountains. 

Municipal    corporations. 
Municipal    finance. 
Municipal    government. 
Museums. 

Subdivision  Galleries  and  museums  is  used  under  names  of  cities. 
Mushrooms. 
Music. 

Music — Bibliography — Catalogs,  Publishers'. 
Music — Manuscripts. 
Music  and  state. 

Music  in  universities  and  colleges. 
Musical   instruments. 
Musical   libraries. 
Mussels. 

Mussels,  Fresh-water. 
Myriapcda. 


16  LIST   A.      INDIRECT   SUBDIVISION 

Names. 

Names,    Geographical. 

Names,    Personal. 

National  parks  and  reserves. 

Natural    history. 

Natural  history  museums. 

Naturalization. 

Naval   battles. 

Naval  education. 

Naval   law. 

Navy-yards  and  naval  stations. 

Negotiable    instruments. 

Negro  songs. 

Negroes.    Sec  note  under  Negroes  on  p.  28. 

Negroes — Colonization. 

Neuroptera. 

Nickel  mines   and  mining.  , 

Nobility,   Papal, 

Normal   schools. 

Ocean    currents. 

Oil   inspection. 

Old  age  pensions. 

Ophthalmology. 

Orchids. 

Orders  of  knighthood  and  chivalry. 

Ores. 

Orphans  and  orphan-asylums. 

Sulidivision  Or[^hans  and  orphan-asylums  is  used  under  names  of  cities. 
Orthoptera. 
Oyster-culture. 
Palaces. 

Subdivision  Palaces  is  used  under  names  of  cities. 
Paleobotany. 
Paleontology. 
Palms. 
Parcels-post. 
Parcels-post — U,    S. 

Sulidivided  by  locality  (c.  g.  Parcels-post — U.  S. — Chicago) 
Pardon. 
Parks. 

Subdivision  Parks  is  used  under  names  of  cities. 
Patent  laws  and  legislation. 
Patents. 
Pearl-fisheries. 
Peasantry. 
Peat. 
Pensions. 

Pensions,    Military. 
Peonage. 
Petroleum. 
Petrology. 
Pharmacopoeias. 


LIST   A.      INDIRECT   SUBDIVISION 


17 


Pharmacy. 

Pharmacy — Laws   and  legislation. 

Philosophy— History. 

Phosphates. 

Physical  education  and  training. 

Physical   geography. 

Picture-writing. 

Pinnipedia. 

Plankton. 

Plant  names,  Popular. 

Plants,  Cultivated. 

Pleading. 

Poetry  of  places. 

A  duplicate  entry  is  made  under  name  of  place   (e.  g.,  1.  Poetry  of 
places — England — London.    2.    London — Description — Poetry) 
Police. 

Subdivision  Police  is  used  under  names  of  cities. 
Police  power. 

Political  crimes  and  offenses. 
Political  parties. 
Political  science — History. 
Polyzoa. 
Poor. 

Subdivision  Poor  is  used  under  names  of  cities. 
Poor  laws. 
Portages. 
Postage-stamps. 
Postal    savings-banks. 
Postal  service. 
Postal   service — U.    S. 

Subdivided  by  state  or  other  local   division    {e.  g.   Postal   service — 
JJ.   S.— Alaska;    Postal    service — V.   S. — Denver;    Postal    service — 
U.  S.—Ohio) 
Postal  telegraph. 
Postmarks. 
Poultry. 

Precious  stones. 
Prerogative,  Royal. 
Press   law. 
Priories. 
Prisons. 

Subdivision  Prisons  and  reformatories  is  used  under  names  of  cities. 
Private  schools. 
Prize-courts. 

Probate  law  and  practice. 
Probation    system. 
Professional    education. 
Prohibition. 
Protestant   churches. 
Protozoa. 
Pseudoneuroptera. 
4644—20 2 


18  LIST   A.      INDIRKCT   SUBDIVISION 

Public  opinion. 
Public  schools. 

Suliclivision  I'lthlic  schools  is  used  under  names  of  cities. 

Public  service  commissions. 

Quarries  and  quarrying. 

Railroad  land  grants. 

Railroad  law. 

Railroads  and  state. 

Railway  mail  service. 

Reclamation  of  land. 

Reconstruction    (1914-         ) 

Reformation. 

This  heading  is  an  exception  to  the  general  rule  for  subdivision  as 
qualified  by  list  (C)  and  is  divided  as  follows:  Reformation — Aus- 
tria; Reformation — Austria — Bohemia,  etc.;  Reformation — Prance; 
Reformation — France — Savoy,  etc.;  Reformation — Germany;  Refor- 
mation— Germany — Prussia,  etc. 

Reformatories, 

Su] (division  Prisons  and  reformatories  is  used  under  names  of  cities. 

Regalia. 

Regency. 

Reindeer. 

Religious  education. 

Renaissance. 

Replevin. 

Reptiles. 

Repudiation. 

Revenue. 

Revenue-stamps. 

Rice  and  rice  culture. 

Rifle-ranges. 

Riles  and  ceremonies. 

Rivers. 

Romanticism. 

Rowing. 

Ruminantia. 

Rural  schools. 

Salmon-fisheries. 

Salmon-fishing. 

Salt  mines  and  mining. 

Sanatoriums. 

Scholarships. 

School  attendance. 

School  libraries. 

School  management  and  organization. 

General  \vi»rks  and  woiks  on  the  United  States  as  a  whole  are  entered 

under  above  heading  without  subdivision. 
Works  dealing  with  states  and  other  localities  of  the  United  States  or 
special  works  on  other  countries  are  entered  under  School  manage- 
ment and  organization — |/oro/  subdix'ision\  (r.  g.  School  management 
and  organization — Illinois) 


LIST  A.      INDIRECT   SITBDIVISIOIT 


19 


Schools. 

Sulxlivision  ScJti'ols  is  used  under  names  of  cities. 
Science — History. 
Seaside  resorts. 
Secret  service. 

Seed  adulteration  and  inspection. 
Sepulchral  monuments. 

Subdivision  Sepulchral  iiioitinnciits  is  used  under  names  of  cities. 
Sericulture. 
Serpents. 
Sewerage. 

Subdivision  Sewerage  is  used  under  names  of  cities. 
Sheep. 

Shell-fish  fisheries. 
Shipping  bounties  and  subsidies. 
Ships — Inspection, 
Shipyards. 
Shrubs. 
Silkworms. 

Silver  mines  and  mining. 
Silver  ores. 
Silversmithing. 
Slate. 
Slaughtering   and   slaughter-houses. 

Subdivision  Slaughter-houses  is  used  under  names  of  cities. 
Slave-trade. 
Slavery  in  the  U.  S. 

Su1)divided  b}'  locality  (<?.  g.  Slavery  in  the  U.  S. — Southern  states) 
Soil-surveys. 
Soils. 

Soldiers — Civil  employment. 
Soldiers — Suffrage. 
Soldiers'  homes. 
Soldiers'  monuments. 
Special  proceedings. 
Spiders. 
Sponges. 
Sports. 
Springs. 

Steam-boiler  inspection. 
Steam-navigation. 
Steamboat  disasters. 
Steamboats — Inspection. 
Stock  and  stock-breeding. 
Stock-exchange. 

Here  are  entered  general  works  on  the  exchanges  themselves,  and 
works  on  trading  and  speculation  in  stocks  in  general,  and  in  indi- 
vidual countries    (e.  g.  Stock-exchange — France} 

Works  on  stock  speculation  in  any  city,  and  works  on  individual  stock- 
exchanges  are  entered  under  the  name  of  the  exchange  {e.  g.  New 
York.     Stock  exchange ;   Paris.     Bourse) 


20  TJST   A.      INDIRECT  SUBDIVISION 

Stock  inspection. 

Stone. 

Stone  age. 

Stone  implements. 

Storms. 

Stream  measurements. 

Street-lighting. 

Subdivision  LightUtg  is  used  under  names  of  cities. 
Street-railroads — Law. 
Students'  societies. 
Suffrage. 
Sugar  growing. 
Sugar  laws  and  legislation. 
Sulphur  mines  and  mining. 
Summer  resorts. 
Summer  schools. 
Sunday  legislation. 
Surveying — Public  lands. 
Tariff. 

Taxes,  Farming  of. 
Tea. 
Teachers,  Interchange  of. 

Works  on  the  interchange  of   teachers  between  two  countries  have 
duplicate  entry  {c.  g.  1.  Teachers,  Interchange  of — Gerfnany — U.  S.; 
2.  Teachers,  Interchange  of — U.  S. — Germany) 
Teachers,  Training  of. 
Teaching,  Freedom  of. 
Technical  education. 
Temples. 
Text-books. 
Theaters. 

Subdivision  Theaters  is  used  under  names  of  cities. 
Tides. 
Timber. 
Time  (Law) 
Tin  mines  and  mining. 
Tin  ores. 
Tobacco. 
Tombs. 

Subdivision  Tombs  is  used  under  names  of  cities. 
Town-site  law. 

Trade  and  professional  associations. 
Trade-marks. 
Tramps. 
Transportation. 
Treason. 
Trees. 

Trial  practice. 
Trials. 

Trials  (Conspiracy) 
Trials   (Sedition) 


LIST   A.      INDIRECT   SUBDIVISION 

Trout  fishing. 
Truck  system. 
Trusts  and  trustees. 
Tungsten. 
Uniforms,  Civil. 
Universities  and  colleges. 
University  extension. 
Usury  laws. 
Vaccination. 
Vegetable  gardening. 
Vertebrates. 
Veterinary   colleges. 
Veterinary  medicine. 
Vigilance  committees. 

Subdivided  by  states  (e.  Q.  Vigilance  committees — Missouri) 
Village  communities. 
Villages. 
Villeinage. 
Violent  deaths. 
Viticulture. 
Vocal  music. 
Vocational  education. 
Volcanoes. 
Wasps. 
Waste  lands. 

Water — Laws  and  legislation. 
Water,  Underground. 
Water-power. 
Water-rights. 
Water-storage. 
Water-supply. 

Subdivision  Water-supply  is  used  under  names  of  cities. 
Waterfalls. 
Wayfaring  life. 
Weeds. 

Weights  and  measures. 
Wharves. 

Subdivision  JJ'harves  is  used  under  names  of  cities. 
Wheat. 

Winter  resorts. 

Woman — Legal  status,  laws,  etc. 
Woman — Suffrage. 
Women  as  authors. 
Worms. 

Yachts  and  yachting. 
Zinc  mines  and  mining. 
Zinc  ores. 
Zoology. 


21 


(b)  Headings  with  direct  local  subdivision 

Accountants. 

Administrative  and  political  divisions. 

Administrative   law. 

Agricultural  machinery — Trade  and  manufacture. 

Alcohol — Taxation. 

Anecdotes. 

Apprentices. 

Architects. 

Architecture. 

Architecture,  Domestic. 

Art. 

Art — Study  and  teaching. 

Art,  Municipal. 

Art  industries  and  trade. 

Art  objects. 

Artesian  wells. 

Automobile  industry  and  trade. 

Automobiles — Lav/s  and  regulations. 

Automobiles — Registers. 

Bakers  and  bakeries. 

Bankers. 

Banks  and  banking. 

3aths. 

Book  collectors. 

Book  industries  and  trade. 

Bookbinders. 

Bookbinding. 

Booksellers  and  bookselling. 

Boots  and  shoes — Trade  and  manufacture. 

Brass  industry  and  trade. 

Brewing  industries. 

Brick  trade. 

Bronzes. 

Brooms  and  brushes. 

Budget. 

Building. 

Building  and  loan  associations. 

Building  laws. 

Building  trades. 

Cab  and  omnibus  service. 

•Calico-printing. 

Camphor  industry  and  trade. 

Capitalists  and  financiers. 

Caricature. 

Caricatures  and  cartoons. 

23 


24 


LIST  B.      DIRECT  SUBDIVISION 


Carpenters. 

Carriage  and  wagon  making. 

Carriage  industry. 

Carriage  manufacturers  and  dealers. 

Cattle  trade. 

Chattel  mortgages. 

Chemicals — Manufacture  and  industry. 

Children — Charities,  protection,  etc. 

Children — Employment. 

Cholera,  Asiatic. 

Choral  societies. 

Christian  antiquities. 

Church   architecture. 

Church  plate. 

Cigar  makers. 

Cigar  manufacture  and  trade. 

Cigarette  manufacture  and  trade. 

Civil  service. 

Civil  service  pensions. 

Clay  industries. 

Clerks. 

Clock  and  watch  makers. 

Clock  and  watch  making. 

Clothing  trade. 

Coal-miners. 

Coal  trade. 

Coffee  trade. 

Commercial  associations. 

Confectionery. 

Constables. 

Copper  industry  and  trade. 

Coroners. 

Corporations. 

Cost  and  standard  of  living. 

Cotton — Taxation. 

Cotton  growing  and  manufacture. 

Cotton  trade. 

Court  records. 

Court  rules. 

Courts. 

Credit  guides. 

Cultus. 

Cutlery. 

Cycling. 

Dairying. 

Debt. 

Debts,  Public. 

Deeds. 

Dentists. 

Diphtheria. 

Dissenters. 


LIST  B.      DIKECT   SUBDIVISION  26 


Distilling  industries. 

Divorce. 

Drawings. 

Drug  trade. 

Dry-goods. 

Durbars. 

Educators. 

Election  law. 

Elections. 

Electric  engineering. 

Electric  engineering — Laws  and  legislation. 

Electric  industries. 

Electric  light  plants. 

Electric  lighting. 

Electric  power-plants. 

Embroidery. 

Employment  agencies. 

Engineering. 

Engineering — Study  and  teaching. 

Engraving. 

Engravings. 

Epidemics. 

Epitaphs. 

Etching. 

Etchings. 

Examinations. 

Excavations   (Archaeology) 

Express  service. 

Finance. 

Fire-alarms. 

Fire-escapes. 

Firearms  industry  and  trade. 

Fish  trade. 

Fishermen. 

Flour  and  feed  trade. 

Flour-mills. 

Fresh  air  charity. 

Fruit  trade. 

Fuel  trade. 

Fur  trade. 

Furniture. 

Furniture  industry  and  trade. 

Gas  companies. 

Gas  manufacture  and  works. 

Glass  manufacture. 

Glass  painting  and  staining. 

Glass  trade. 

Glass-workers. 

Glassware. 

Gloves. 

■^Grain  elevators. 


26  LIST  B.      DIRECT   SUBDIVISION 

Graiu  trade. 

Grocery  trade. 

Hardware. 

Harness  making  and  trade. 

Hat  trade. 

Hay  trade. 

Health-officers. 

Horse-racing. 

House  decoration. 

Ice  industry. 

Illumination  of  books  and  manuscripts. 

Illustration  of  books. 

Income  tax. 

India-rubber  industry. 

Influenza. 

Inheritance  and  transfer  tax. 

Inscriptions. 

Insurance. 

Insurance.  Accident. 

Insurance,  Agricultural. 

Insurance,  Agricultural — Crops, 

Insurance,  Agricultural — Live  stock. 

Insurance,  Assessment. 

Insurance,  Burial. 

Insurance,  Casualty. 

Insurance,  Employers'  liability. 

Insurance,  Fire. 

Insurance,  Hail. 

Insurance,  Health. 

Insurance,  Industrial. 

Insurance,  Life. 

Insurance,  Lightning. 

Insurance,  Marine. 

Insurance,  Maternity. 

Insurance,  State  and  compulsory. 

Insurance,   Strike. 

Insurance,  Surety  and  fidelity. 

Insurance,  Unemployment. 

Investments. 

Iron  industry  and  trade. 

Iron-works. 

Ironwork. 

Jewelry  trade. 

Journalism. 

Journalists. 

Judges. 

Justice,  Administration  of. 

Justices  of  the  peace. 

Juvenile  courts. 

Labor  and  laboring  classes. 

Labor  exchanges. 


LIST  B.      DIRECT   SUBDIVISION 


27 


Land — Taxation. 

Land  titles. 

Land  titles — Registration  and  transfer. 

Landscape  painting. 

Law. 

Law  reports,  digests,  etc. 

Lawyers. 

Lead  industry  and  trade. 

Leather  industry  and  trade. 

Lectures  and  lecturing. 

Leprosy. 

Librarians. 

License  system. 

Licenses. 

Liquor  traffic. 

Literary  landmarks. 

Lithography. 

Local  government. 

Longshoremen. 

Lumber  trade. 

Lumbering. 

Luxuries — Taxation. 

Machinery — Trade  and  manufacture. 

Machinists. 

Malarial  fever. 

Manufacturers. 

Marriage  licenses. 

Meat  industry  and  trade. 

Medals. 

Medicine — Study  and  teaching. 

Metal  trade. 

Metal-work. 

Metal-workers. 

Midwives. 

Milk  supply. 

Milk  trade. 

Millers. 

Mineral  industries. 

Mineral  waters. 

Miners. 

Miners'  phthisis. 

Miniature  painting. 

Mining  industry  and  finance. 

Missions. 

Monasteries. 

Money. 

Mortgage  banks. 

Mortgages. 

Mortgages — Taxation. 

Municipal   buildings. 

Municipal  ownership. 


2A:  LIST  B.      DIRECT   SUBDIVISION 

Music — Instruction  and  study. 
Music  trade. 
Musical  societies. 
Musicians. 

Negroes. 

General  works  on  negroes  in  the  United  States  are  entered  under 
Negroes  without  subdivision;  works  dealing  with  negroes  in  special 
states  or  localities  of  the  United  States  are  entered  under  Negroes — 
[local  subdivision]  {e.  g.  Negroes — Arkansas;  iiegrocs— Philadel- 
phia) Works  on  negroes  of  countries,  cities,  etc.,  outside  of  the 
United  States  are  entered  under  Negroes  in  Africa,  Negroes  in 
Canada,  Negroes  in  Liberia,  etc.  For  works  on  the  negro  in  general 
see  the  heading  Negro  race. 

Newspaper  agents. 

Notaries. 

Numismatics. 

Nurses  and  nursing — Directories. 

Octroi. 

Oil  industries. 

Opera. 

Operetta. 

Optical  trade. 

Organists. 

Pageants. 

Painting. 

Paintings. 

Paper  box  industry. 

Paper  making  and  trade. 

Paper  money. 

Patent  lawyers. 

Pawnbroking. 

Pearl  button  industry. 

Pearl  industry  and  trade. 

Personal  property. 

Petroleum  industry  and  trade. 

Pharmacists. 

Pharmacy — Study   and   teaching. 

Philosophy — Study  and  teaching. 

Phosphate  industry. 

Physicians. 

Pilgrims  and  pilgrimages. 

Pilot  guides. 

Pilots  and  pilotage. 

Pioneers. 

Plague. 

Plate. 

Plumbing — Laws  and  regulations. 

Pneumonia. 

Police  magistrates. 

Pork  industry  and  trade. 

Portrait  painting. 


LIST  B.      DIRECT   SUBDIVISION  5^9 


Potash  industry  and  trade. 

Potters, 

Pottery. 

Press. 

Prices. 

Printers. 

Printers'  marks. 

Printing — History. 

Printing,  Public. 

Printing  as  a  trade. 

Probate  records. 

Produce  trade. 

Prostitution. 

Public  utilities. 

Publishers  and  publishing. 

Quarantine. 

Quarantine,  Veterinary. 

Railroads. 

Railroads,  Elevated. 

Railroads,  Local  and  light. 

Rain  and  rainfall. 

Real  property. 

Registers  of  births,  etc. 

Retail  trade. 

Riparian  rights. 

Roads. 

Roads,  Roman. 

Safe-deposit  companies. 

Salt— Taxation. 

Salt  industry  and  trade. 

Savings-banks. 

Scarlatina. 

School  grounds. 

School-houses. 

School  lands. 

School  savings-banks. 

Sculpture. 

Seals   (Numismatics) 

Secret  societies. 

Securities. 

Serfdom. 

Servants. 

Sheriffs. 

Ship-building. 

Shippers'  guides. 

Shipping. 

Shoemakers. 

Shrines. 

Silk  manufacture  and  trade. 

Sinking-funds. 

Smallpox. 


30  LIST  B.      DIRECT   SUBDIVISION 

Soap  trade. 

Soda  industry. 

Special  assessments. 

vStamp-duties. 

Starch  industry. 

Steamboat  lines. 

Steel  industry  and  trade. 

Steel-works. 

Stock  companies. 

Stove  industry  and  trade. 

Straw  industries. 

Street-railroads. 

Students. 

Subv/ays. 

Sugar — Manufacture  and  refining. 

Sugar — Taxation. 

Sugar  trade. 

Sulphur  miners. 

Supervisors. 

Surgeons. 

Surveyors. 

Tailors. 

Tapestry. 

Tax-sales. 

Taxation. 

Taxation  of  articles  of  consumption. 

Taxation  of  bonds,  securities,  etc. 

Taxation  of  personal  property. 

Tea  trade. 

Teachers. 

Telegraph. 

Telephone. 

Tenement-houses. 

Terra-cottas. 

Textile  factories. 

Textile  industry  and  fabrics. 

Theater. 

Theology — Study  and  teaching. 

Tin  miners. 

Tithes. 

Tobacco — Taxation. 

Tobacco  manufacture  and  trade. 

Tokens. 

Tolls. 

Trade-unions. 

Traffic  regulations. 

Trust  companies. 

Tuberculosis. 

Tunnels. 

Turpentine  industry  and  trade. 

Typhoid  fever. 


LIST   B.      DIRECT   SUBDIVISION  31 


Typhus  fever. 

Unemployed. 

Upholstery  trade. 

Vases. 

Vaudeville. 

Veterinarians. 

Visitations,  Ecclesiastical, 

Visitations,  Heraldic. 

Wages. 

Wages — Minimum  wage. 

Warehouses, 

Water-color  painting. 

Water-colors. 

Water-power  electric  plants. 

Weavers. 

Weaving. 

Wheat  trade. 

Wills, 

Windows. 

Wine  and  wine  making. 

Witchcraft. 

Woman — Employment. 

Wood-engraving. 

Wood-engravings. 

Woodwork. 

Woodworkers. 

Wool  trade  and  industry. 

Woolen  and  worsted  manufacture. 

Yellow  fever, 

^inc  industry  and  trade. 


(c)  List  of  local  divisions  (states,  provinces,  etc.)  to  which 
subdivision  of  heading  is  always  direct 

The  following  local  divisions  are  exceptions  to  the  general  rule  in 
regard  to  indirect  subdivision  (c/.  list  A)  ;  they  are  always  used  directly 
after  the  subject  heading  (e.  g.  Agriculture — Bohemia;  Botany — Ohio; 
Education- — Prussia;   Fruit-culture — Ontario) 

The  states  and  territories  of  the  United  States ;  also  District  of  Columbia, 
New  York   (City)   and  Washington,  D.  C. 

The  provinces  of  Canada. 

The  states  of  Australia. 

New  South  Wales  ;  Queensland ;  South  Australia ;  Tasmania ;  Victoria ; 
Western  Australia. 

The  states  of  Germany. 

.  Anhalt ;  Baden;  Bavaria;  Bremen;  Brunswick;  Hamburg;  Hesse; 
Lippe;  Liibeck;  Mecklenburg-Schwerin ;  Alecklenburg-Strelitz ;  Olden- 
burg; Prussia;  Reuss  (Elder  line)  ;  Reuss  (Younger  line)  ;  Saxe-Alten- 
burg ;  Saxe-Coburg-Gotha  ;  Saxe-AIeiningen ;  Saxe-Weimar ;  Saxony ; 
Schaumburg  -  Lippe  ;  Schwarzburg  -  Rudolstadt ;  Schwarzburg  -  Sondef  s- 
hausen ;  Waldeck;  Wiirttemberg. 

The  provinces  of  Prussia. 

Brandenburg;  Hanover;  Hesse-Nassau;  Pomerania ;  Posen;  Prussia, 
East ;  Prussia,  West ;  Rhine  Province ;  Saxony ;  Schleswig-Holstein ; 
Silesia ;  Westphalia ;  also  Hohenzollern. 

The  provinces  of  Bavaria. 

Bavaria,  Lower;  Bavaria,  Upper;  Franconia,  Lower;  Franconia,  Middle; 
Franconia,  Upper ;  Palatinate ;  Palatinate,  Upper ;  Swabia. 

The  provinces,  etc.,  of  Austria. 
Austria,  Lower ;  Austria,  Upper ;  Bohemia ;  Bukowina ;  Carinthia ;  Car- 
niola;   Dalmatia;   Galicia;   Gorz  and  Gradiska;   Istria ;   Aloravia ;   Salz- 
burg ;  Silesia ;   Styria ;  Tyrol ;  Vorarlberg. 

The  provinces  of  Hungary. 

Croatia;  Slavonia;  Transylvania. 

The  Austro-Hungarian  provinces  Bosnia  and  Herzegovina. 

The  provinces  of  the  Netherlands. 

Brabant,  North  ;  Drenthe ;  Friesland ;  Gelderland ;  Groningen ;  Holland, 
North;  Holland,  South;  Limburg;  Overyssel ;  Utrecht;  Zealand. 

33 


34  LIST   C.      LOCAL,  DIVISIONS 

The  old  divisions  of  France  (not  the  present  departments) 
Alsace;  Angoumois;  Anjou;  Artois;  Aunis ;  Auvergne ;  Beam;  Berry; 
Bourbonnais;  Brittany;  Burgmidy;  Champagne;  Dauphine;  Flanders; 
Foix  ;  Franche-Comte ;  Gascony  ;  Guyenne  ;  lie  de  France ;  Languedoc ; 
Limousin;  Lorraine;  Lyonnais;  Maine;  Marche ;  Navarre;  Nivernais; 
Normandy  ;  Orleanais  ;  Perche,  Le  ;  Picardy ;  Poitou  ;  Provence  ;  Rous- 
sillon ;  Saintonge ;  Savoy ;  Touraine ;  also  Corsica. 

The  compartimenti  of  Italy   (not  the  provinces) 
Abruzzi  and  Molise  ;  Apulia  ;  Basilicata ;  Calabria  ;  Campania ;  Emilia  ; 
Liguria;  Lombardy;  Marches;  Piedm.ont ;  Rom.e  (Province);  Sardinia; 
Sicily;  Tuscany;  Umbria;  Venetia. 

Besides  the  local  divisions  given  above,  subdivision  of  subject  heading  is 
direct  also  to  certain  other  divisions,  political,  ecclesiastical,  etc.  (e.  g. 
Clergy — Padcrborn  (Diocese)  ;  Coal  mines  and  mining — Lusatia;  Monas- 
teries— Thuringia)  ;  and  to  many  bodies  of  water,  mountain  ranges, 
islands,  etc.  {e.  g.  Fisheries — North  Sea;  Natural  history — Rocky  Moun- 
tains;  Meteorology — Hongkong) 


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